The potential role of ultrasound in differentiating solid and cystic swellings of the true vocal fold

This study was designed to investigate the potential role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of cysts of the true vocal fold. Materials and Methods: Grayscale ultrasound of the larynx was carried out in 29 patients with a swelling of the true vocal fold and dysphonia. The findings were then compared with those at subsequent microlaryngoscopy, in the majority of cases. Results and Conclusions: Whereas preoperative laryngeal ultrasound correctly predicted the surgical findings of a cystic lesion in only 5 of 11 cases, it correctly identified that no cyst was present in 15 of 16 instances when this had been queried. This study suggests that ultrasound may have some role in investigation of unilateral vocal fold pathology, but that further fine-tuning of the technique may be necessary.     

Benign synthesis of N-(8-quinolyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide) ligand (Hbpq), and its Ni (II) and Cu (II) complexes. A fluorescent probe for direct detection of nitric oxide in acetonitrile solution based on Hbpq copper(II) acetate interaction

The ligand Hbpq = N-(8-quinolyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide) has been prepared using tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as an environmentally friendly reaction medium. Four new complexes of this ligand, [M(bpq)X] (M = Cu(II), X = SCN̄ (1), N₃̄ (2); M = Ni(II), X = SCN̄ (3), N₃̄ (4)), have also been synthesized and fully characterized. The crystal and molecular structures of [Cu(bpq)(NCS)]_n (1) have been determined by X-ray crystallography. Copper(II) ion adopts a distorted square pyramidal (4 + 1) coordination in this complex. Hbpq ligand shows a strong emission at 500 nm in acetonitrile solution. The emission is quenched in the presence of copper(II) acetate, apparently because of the formation of [Cu(L)(OAc)(H₂O)] complex. Introduction of nitric oxide (NO) into the acetonitrile solution at room temperature induces an increase in the fluorescence intensity, presumably due to the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I). This process is reversible and can form a basis for direct detection of NO.     

Physics beyond the standard model and cosmological connections: A summary from LCWS06

The international linear collider (ILC) is likely to provide us important insights into physics sector that may supersede our current paradigm, viz., the standard model. In anticipation of the possibility that the ILC may come up in the middle of the next decade, several groups are vigourously investigating its potential to explore this new sector of physics. The Linear Collider Workshop in Bangalore (LCWS06) had several presentations of such studies which looked at supersymmetry, extra dimensions and other exotic possibilities which the ILC may help us discover or understand. Some papers also looked at the understanding of cosmology that may emerge from studies at the ILC. This paper summarises these presentations.      

Propagation of a vectorial Laguerre–Gaussian beam beyond the paraxial approximation

Based on the vectorial Rayleigh–Sommerfeld integrals, the analytical propagation expression of a vectorial Laguerre–Gaussian beam beyond paraxial approximation is presented. The far field expression and the scalar paraxial result are obtained as special cases of the general formulae. According to the analytical representation, the light intensity distribution of the vectorial Laguerre–Gaussian beam is depicted in the reference plane. The light intensity distribution of a vectorial Laguerre–Gaussian beam with cos m is also compared with that of a vectorial Laguerre–Gaussian beam with sin m.     

Benign synthesis of carboxamide ligands,H2Me2bqb and H2Me2bpb. Preparation,characterization and electrochemistry of Ni(II) complexes: The crystal structure of [Ni(Me2bqb)]

A novel and highly efficient approach for the synthesis of H₂Me₂bqb and H₂Me₂bpb using ionic liquid as an environmentally benign reaction medium has been developed, eliminating the need for the pyridine as a toxic solvent. The Ni(II) complex of the dianionic ligand Me₂bqb²⁻, [Me₂bqb²⁻ = 1,2-bis(quinoline-2-carboxamide)-4,5-dimethyl-benzene dianion], has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic methods, and the crystal and molecular structure of [Ni(Me₂bqb)] (1), has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The complex exhibits distorted square-planar NiN₄ coordination geometry with two short and two long Ni–N bonds (Ni–N ∼1.85 and ∼1.96 Å, respectively). The electrochemical behavior of [Ni(Me₂bqb)] (1), has been studied by cyclic voltammetry and compared with the analogous complex, [Ni(Me₂bpb)] (2).     

Design and construction of a 110 W green laser for medical application

In this paper, the design and the construction of a high-power side-diode-pumped Nd:YAG solid-state laser at repetition rates of 6 and 10 kHz has been presented. Second harmonic of the Nd:YAG laser with green light at 532 nm, with an average power of 111.5 W at 10 kHz repetition rate, and with 90 ns pulse duration, has been obtained by the nonlinear crystal of KTP with 59% conversion efficiency and 12% diode-to-green optical–optical efficiency in the linear resonator. Beam spot size and divergence is 4 mm and 8 mrad, respectively. The laser stability is about 97%. As a medical application of this laser, investigation of degree of effectiveness and penetration depth of laser on adenomas of resected prostate after open prostatectomy has been done.     

On the impact of large amplitude pairing fluctuations on nuclear spectra

The influence of large amplitude pairing fluctuations is investigated in the framework of beyond mean field symmetry conserving configuration mixing calculations. In the numerical application the finite range density dependent Gogny force is used. We investigate the nucleus ⁵⁴Cr with particle number and angular momentum projected wave functions considering the axial quadrupole deformation and the pairing gap degree of freedom as generator coordinates. We find that the effects of the pairing fluctuations increase with the excitation energy and the angular momentum. The self-consistency in the determination of the basis states plays an important role.     

Effective field theory: A modern approach to anomalous couplings

We advocate an effective field theory approach to anomalous couplings. The effective field theory approach is the natural way to extend the standard model such that the gauge symmetries are respected. It is general enough to capture any physics beyond the standard model, yet also provides guidance as to the most likely place to see the effects of new physics. The effective field theory approach also clarifies that one need not be concerned with the violation of unitarity in scattering processes at high energy. We apply these ideas to pair production of electroweak vector bosons.     

实时三维超声引导 VACORA真空微创穿刺活检系统在乳腺良性疾病微创诊疗中的应用

目的探讨三维超声引导下VACORA真空微创穿刺活检系统在乳腺良性疾病诊疗中的应用价值。方法选取术前诊断为乳腺良性肿块患者103例（223个肿块）,经二维超声引导治疗54例（二维组）,经实时三维超声引导治疗49例（三维组）,记录两组患者肿块容积、手术切除条数、手术耗时、术后血肿发生情况及血肿吸收情况。结果全部肿块均成功引导切除,两组患者手术耗时无明显差异（P＞0.05）,三维组肿块切除条数及术后血肿发生率均明显少于二维组（均P＜0.05）,而且血肿0.16～3.80ml者平均吸收时间均显著明显短于血肿4.7～19.5及25.2～32.0ml者（均P＜0.01）。两组患者术后随访1～12个月均无复发。结论超声引导VACORA真空微创穿刺活检系统适用于体积＜2.4ml乳腺良性肿块的微创切除,实时三维超声引导定位准确、安全、损伤小,是乳腺肿块微创切除的一种有效方法。     

A facile and highly efficient protocol for synthesis of poly(ether sulfone)s in ionic liquid/zwitterion

A benign approach for efficient preparation of poly(ether sulfone)(PES)(η_(inh) = 0.10-0.31 dL×g~(-1)) has been presented by using ionic liquid(IL)/zwitterion(ZI) as reaction medium. It has been found that the interaction between 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone(Bisphenol-S) and ZI at elevated temperatures results in efficient reduction of dehydration time, which is confirmed by TGA curves, melting point of the mixture and FTIR spectra. Furthermore, no agglomeration is observed at dehydration stage, which is attributed to the high solubility of Bisphenol-S dipotassium salt in IL/ZI. This also makes the polymerization temperature(150 °C) much lower than a conventional method(220-300 °C). In order to demonstrate the efficiency of IL/ZI as reaction medium, the polymerization was also performed in sulfolane under the same reaction condition as that in IL/ZI.